Profit Trumps People and Planet in Brazil’s Eucalyptus Industry

The eucalyptus tree, known for its termite-resistant wood, pulp for paper, and oil with health benefits, is grown globally, covering 25 million hectares—an area larger than the UK. However, eucalyptus plantations have negative effects on local communities and the environment, especially in countries like Brazil, the world's largest eucalyptus producer. These plantations can lead to water shortages and pollution, harming biodiversity and local plant growth.

Genetically engineered (GE) eucalyptus trees are making these problems worse. Brazil has approved seven GE varieties that resist pesticides, likely increasing harmful chemical use. These trees grow faster, making them more profitable but also more damaging. International groups, such as the Campaign to STOP GE Trees, are working to prevent the spread of GE eucalyptus due to its ecological and social impacts.

In Brazil, large companies like Suzano dominate the eucalyptus industry, often replacing native forests with monoculture plantations. These practices are detrimental to local communities, particularly Indigenous and quilombola (Afro-Brazilian) groups, who face land loss and environmental degradation.

The expansion of eucalyptus plantations is also driven by the demand for paper pulp. Brazil is set to see significant growth in this industry, with new mills being built by companies like Suzano and Arauco. This expansion is expected to have severe environmental and social consequences, particularly in regions like Mato Grosso do Sul.

Land sovereignty remains a crucial issue in Brazil. Recent legislation, like PL 490, threatens Indigenous land rights, favoring agribusiness and eucalyptus plantations. The struggle for land is ongoing, with movements like the MST (Landless Workers' Movement) advocating for fair land distribution and sustainable farming practices.

In summary, while the eucalyptus industry is economically significant, its expansion—especially with GE varieties—poses serious risks to the environment and local communities in Brazil and beyond.

Read the full article “Profit Trumps People and Planet in Brazil’s Eucalyptus Industry” by Orin Langelle

🔭   This summary was human-edited with AI-assist.