Human Bridges

ARTICLES
GUIDES

Human Bridges

Recent scientific findings and research in the study of human origins and our biology, paleoanthropology, and primate research have reached a key threshold: we are increasingly able to trace the outlines and fill in the blanks of our evolutionary story that began 7 million years ago to the present, and understand the social and cultural processes that produced the world we live in now.

We are at an early moment in the education process—the recent science and research have not percolated into popular consciousness, or found application in centers of social influence. Our goal is to offer an accessible synthesis of these findings, and advance this material as a staple of education at all stages of life.

For an introduction to this project, read Human Bridges editor Jan Ritch-Frel’s conversations with Gary Feinman on the promise of archaeology to provide historical context for humanity and how we live today, and Michael Hudson on how the central social institutions we live by are borne out of the archaic past, and Robert Sapolsky on the social advantages of studying the biology of human behavior.

Why Is Prehistory Inspiring So Many Artists?

By Yann Perreau

Human Bridges Project

Not as Simple as 1, 2, 3: Humanity Has a Surprisingly Diverse Understanding of Numbers

By Marjorie Hecht

Human Bridges Project

How Local and Federal Institutions Are (and Aren’t) Taking Care of North Carolina’s Hurricane Survivors—and What Mutual Aid Groups Are Doing to Help

By Damon Orion

Has map

South Africa: The New Grand Tour

By Irina Matuzava

The Growth of Malignant and Exclusionary Social Movements

By Colin Greer, Eric Laursen

Human Bridges Project

11 September 2024

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opportunities.\u003C/div\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/The_New_Grand_Tour\" title=\"The New Grand Tour\"\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\"Monte Alban West Side Platform.jpg\" src=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Monte_Alban_West_Side_Platform.jpg/320px-Monte_Alban_West_Side_Platform.jpg\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"320\" height=\"244\" class=\"img-fluid\" srcset=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Monte_Alban_West_Side_Platform.jpg/480px-Monte_Alban_West_Side_Platform.jpg 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Monte_Alban_West_Side_Platform.jpg/640px-Monte_Alban_West_Side_Platform.jpg 2x\" data-file-width=\"4160\" data-file-height=\"3168\" /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C!--MW-PAGEIMAGES-CANDIDATE-0--\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ci\u003E\u003C/i\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E","title":"The New Grand Tour","link":"","lat":51.496861916914,"lon":-0.17639939044818,"icon":""},{"text":"\u003Cdiv class=\"h6\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/The_New_Grand_Tour\" title=\"The New Grand Tour\"\u003EThe New Grand Tour\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBy \u003Ca href=\"/Jan_Ritch-Frel\" title=\"Jan Ritch-Frel\"\u003EJan Ritch-Frel\u003C/a\u003E\u003Cbr /\u003EArea: \u003Ca class=\"mw-selflink selflink\"\u003EHuman Bridges\u003C/a\u003E\u003Cbr /\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"my-2\"\u003ESix million years of human evidence offers a powerful and universal education to address humanity\u2019s biggest challenges and opportunities.\u003C/div\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/The_New_Grand_Tour\" title=\"The New Grand Tour\"\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\"Monte Alban West Side Platform.jpg\" src=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Monte_Alban_West_Side_Platform.jpg/320px-Monte_Alban_West_Side_Platform.jpg\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"320\" height=\"244\" class=\"img-fluid\" srcset=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Monte_Alban_West_Side_Platform.jpg/480px-Monte_Alban_West_Side_Platform.jpg 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Monte_Alban_West_Side_Platform.jpg/640px-Monte_Alban_West_Side_Platform.jpg 2x\" data-file-width=\"4160\" data-file-height=\"3168\" /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C!--MW-PAGEIMAGES-CANDIDATE-1--\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ci\u003E\u003C/i\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E","title":"The New Grand Tour","link":"","lat":33.267049520939,"lon":35.201615694875,"icon":""},{"text":"\u003Cdiv class=\"h6\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/The_New_Grand_Tour\" title=\"The New Grand Tour\"\u003EThe New Grand Tour\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBy \u003Ca href=\"/Jan_Ritch-Frel\" title=\"Jan Ritch-Frel\"\u003EJan Ritch-Frel\u003C/a\u003E\u003Cbr /\u003EArea: \u003Ca class=\"mw-selflink selflink\"\u003EHuman Bridges\u003C/a\u003E\u003Cbr /\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"my-2\"\u003ESix million years of human evidence offers a powerful and universal education to address humanity\u2019s biggest challenges and opportunities.\u003C/div\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/The_New_Grand_Tour\" title=\"The New Grand Tour\"\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\"Monte Alban West Side Platform.jpg\" src=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Monte_Alban_West_Side_Platform.jpg/320px-Monte_Alban_West_Side_Platform.jpg\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"320\" height=\"244\" class=\"img-fluid\" srcset=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Monte_Alban_West_Side_Platform.jpg/480px-Monte_Alban_West_Side_Platform.jpg 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Monte_Alban_West_Side_Platform.jpg/640px-Monte_Alban_West_Side_Platform.jpg 2x\" data-file-width=\"4160\" data-file-height=\"3168\" /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C!--MW-PAGEIMAGES-CANDIDATE-2--\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ci\u003E\u003C/i\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E","title":"The New Grand Tour","link":"","lat":3.3216833333333,"lon":37.070625,"icon":""},{"text":"\u003Cdiv class=\"h6\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/The_New_Grand_Tour\" title=\"The New Grand Tour\"\u003EThe New Grand Tour\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBy \u003Ca href=\"/Jan_Ritch-Frel\" title=\"Jan Ritch-Frel\"\u003EJan Ritch-Frel\u003C/a\u003E\u003Cbr /\u003EArea: \u003Ca class=\"mw-selflink selflink\"\u003EHuman Bridges\u003C/a\u003E\u003Cbr /\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"my-2\"\u003ESix million years of human evidence offers a powerful and universal education to address humanity\u2019s biggest challenges and opportunities.\u003C/div\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/The_New_Grand_Tour\" title=\"The New Grand Tour\"\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\"Monte Alban West Side Platform.jpg\" src=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Monte_Alban_West_Side_Platform.jpg/320px-Monte_Alban_West_Side_Platform.jpg\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"320\" height=\"244\" class=\"img-fluid\" srcset=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Monte_Alban_West_Side_Platform.jpg/480px-Monte_Alban_West_Side_Platform.jpg 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Monte_Alban_West_Side_Platform.jpg/640px-Monte_Alban_West_Side_Platform.jpg 2x\" data-file-width=\"4160\" data-file-height=\"3168\" /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C!--MW-PAGEIMAGES-CANDIDATE-3--\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ci\u003E\u003C/i\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E","title":"The New Grand Tour","link":"","lat":31.805227653938,"lon":35.599974380644,"icon":""},{"text":"\u003Cdiv class=\"h6\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/The_New_Grand_Tour\" title=\"The New Grand Tour\"\u003EThe New Grand Tour\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBy \u003Ca href=\"/Jan_Ritch-Frel\" title=\"Jan Ritch-Frel\"\u003EJan Ritch-Frel\u003C/a\u003E\u003Cbr /\u003EArea: \u003Ca class=\"mw-selflink selflink\"\u003EHuman Bridges\u003C/a\u003E\u003Cbr /\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"my-2\"\u003ESix million years of human evidence offers a powerful and universal education to address humanity\u2019s biggest challenges and opportunities.\u003C/div\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/The_New_Grand_Tour\" title=\"The New Grand Tour\"\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\"Monte Alban West Side Platform.jpg\" src=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Monte_Alban_West_Side_Platform.jpg/320px-Monte_Alban_West_Side_Platform.jpg\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"320\" height=\"244\" class=\"img-fluid\" srcset=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Monte_Alban_West_Side_Platform.jpg/480px-Monte_Alban_West_Side_Platform.jpg 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Monte_Alban_West_Side_Platform.jpg/640px-Monte_Alban_West_Side_Platform.jpg 2x\" data-file-width=\"4160\" data-file-height=\"3168\" /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C!--MW-PAGEIMAGES-CANDIDATE-4--\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ci\u003E\u003C/i\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E","title":"The New Grand Tour","link":"","lat":17.045775537953,"lon":-96.767369621928,"icon":""},{"text":"\u003Cdiv class=\"h6\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/The_New_Grand_Tour\" title=\"The New Grand Tour\"\u003EThe New Grand Tour\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBy \u003Ca href=\"/Jan_Ritch-Frel\" title=\"Jan Ritch-Frel\"\u003EJan Ritch-Frel\u003C/a\u003E\u003Cbr /\u003EArea: \u003Ca class=\"mw-selflink selflink\"\u003EHuman Bridges\u003C/a\u003E\u003Cbr /\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"my-2\"\u003ESix million years of human evidence offers a powerful and universal education to address humanity\u2019s biggest challenges and opportunities.\u003C/div\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/The_New_Grand_Tour\" title=\"The New Grand Tour\"\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\"Monte Alban West Side Platform.jpg\" src=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Monte_Alban_West_Side_Platform.jpg/320px-Monte_Alban_West_Side_Platform.jpg\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"320\" height=\"244\" class=\"img-fluid\" srcset=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Monte_Alban_West_Side_Platform.jpg/480px-Monte_Alban_West_Side_Platform.jpg 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Monte_Alban_West_Side_Platform.jpg/640px-Monte_Alban_West_Side_Platform.jpg 2x\" data-file-width=\"4160\" data-file-height=\"3168\" /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C!--MW-PAGEIMAGES-CANDIDATE-5--\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ci\u003E\u003C/i\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E","title":"The New Grand Tour","link":"","lat":-10.892119284864,"lon":-77.521768532781,"icon":""},{"text":"\u003Cdiv class=\"h6\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/The_New_Grand_Tour\" title=\"The New Grand Tour\"\u003EThe New Grand Tour\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBy \u003Ca href=\"/Jan_Ritch-Frel\" title=\"Jan Ritch-Frel\"\u003EJan Ritch-Frel\u003C/a\u003E\u003Cbr /\u003EArea: \u003Ca class=\"mw-selflink selflink\"\u003EHuman Bridges\u003C/a\u003E\u003Cbr /\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"my-2\"\u003ESix million years of human evidence offers a powerful and universal education to address humanity\u2019s biggest challenges and opportunities.\u003C/div\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/The_New_Grand_Tour\" title=\"The New Grand Tour\"\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\"Monte Alban West Side Platform.jpg\" src=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Monte_Alban_West_Side_Platform.jpg/320px-Monte_Alban_West_Side_Platform.jpg\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"320\" height=\"244\" class=\"img-fluid\" srcset=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Monte_Alban_West_Side_Platform.jpg/480px-Monte_Alban_West_Side_Platform.jpg 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Monte_Alban_West_Side_Platform.jpg/640px-Monte_Alban_West_Side_Platform.jpg 2x\" data-file-width=\"4160\" data-file-height=\"3168\" /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C!--MW-PAGEIMAGES-CANDIDATE-6--\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ci\u003E\u003C/i\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E","title":"The New Grand Tour","link":"","lat":51.397617838431,"lon":84.676151721513,"icon":""},{"text":"\u003Cdiv class=\"h6\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/The_New_Grand_Tour\" title=\"The New Grand Tour\"\u003EThe New Grand Tour\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBy \u003Ca href=\"/Jan_Ritch-Frel\" title=\"Jan Ritch-Frel\"\u003EJan Ritch-Frel\u003C/a\u003E\u003Cbr /\u003EArea: \u003Ca class=\"mw-selflink selflink\"\u003EHuman Bridges\u003C/a\u003E\u003Cbr /\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"my-2\"\u003ESix million years of human evidence offers a powerful and universal education to address humanity\u2019s biggest challenges and opportunities.\u003C/div\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/The_New_Grand_Tour\" title=\"The New Grand Tour\"\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\"Monte Alban West Side Platform.jpg\" src=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Monte_Alban_West_Side_Platform.jpg/320px-Monte_Alban_West_Side_Platform.jpg\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"320\" height=\"244\" class=\"img-fluid\" srcset=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Monte_Alban_West_Side_Platform.jpg/480px-Monte_Alban_West_Side_Platform.jpg 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Monte_Alban_West_Side_Platform.jpg/640px-Monte_Alban_West_Side_Platform.jpg 2x\" data-file-width=\"4160\" data-file-height=\"3168\" /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C!--MW-PAGEIMAGES-CANDIDATE-7--\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ci\u003E\u003C/i\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E","title":"The New Grand Tour","link":"","lat":-33.928351766135,"lon":18.414839431384,"icon":""},{"text":"\u003Cdiv class=\"h6\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/The_New_Grand_Tour\" title=\"The New Grand Tour\"\u003EThe New Grand Tour\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBy \u003Ca href=\"/Jan_Ritch-Frel\" title=\"Jan Ritch-Frel\"\u003EJan Ritch-Frel\u003C/a\u003E\u003Cbr /\u003EArea: \u003Ca class=\"mw-selflink selflink\"\u003EHuman Bridges\u003C/a\u003E\u003Cbr /\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"my-2\"\u003ESix million years of human evidence offers a powerful and universal education to address humanity\u2019s biggest challenges and opportunities.\u003C/div\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/The_New_Grand_Tour\" title=\"The New Grand Tour\"\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\"Monte Alban West Side Platform.jpg\" src=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Monte_Alban_West_Side_Platform.jpg/320px-Monte_Alban_West_Side_Platform.jpg\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"320\" height=\"244\" class=\"img-fluid\" srcset=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Monte_Alban_West_Side_Platform.jpg/480px-Monte_Alban_West_Side_Platform.jpg 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Monte_Alban_West_Side_Platform.jpg/640px-Monte_Alban_West_Side_Platform.jpg 2x\" data-file-width=\"4160\" data-file-height=\"3168\" /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C!--MW-PAGEIMAGES-CANDIDATE-8--\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ci\u003E\u003C/i\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E","title":"The New Grand Tour","link":"","lat":32.731724553891,"lon":-117.15237843399,"icon":""},{"text":"\u003Cdiv class=\"h6\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/The_New_Grand_Tour\" title=\"The New Grand Tour\"\u003EThe New Grand Tour\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBy \u003Ca href=\"/Jan_Ritch-Frel\" title=\"Jan Ritch-Frel\"\u003EJan Ritch-Frel\u003C/a\u003E\u003Cbr /\u003EArea: \u003Ca class=\"mw-selflink selflink\"\u003EHuman Bridges\u003C/a\u003E\u003Cbr /\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"my-2\"\u003ESix million years of human evidence offers a powerful and universal education to address humanity\u2019s biggest challenges and opportunities.\u003C/div\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/The_New_Grand_Tour\" title=\"The New Grand Tour\"\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\"Monte Alban West Side Platform.jpg\" src=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Monte_Alban_West_Side_Platform.jpg/320px-Monte_Alban_West_Side_Platform.jpg\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"320\" height=\"244\" class=\"img-fluid\" srcset=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Monte_Alban_West_Side_Platform.jpg/480px-Monte_Alban_West_Side_Platform.jpg 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Monte_Alban_West_Side_Platform.jpg/640px-Monte_Alban_West_Side_Platform.jpg 2x\" data-file-width=\"4160\" data-file-height=\"3168\" /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C!--MW-PAGEIMAGES-CANDIDATE-9--\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ci\u003E\u003C/i\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E","title":"The New Grand Tour","link":"","lat":-4.6697477376555,"lon":29.623550395943,"icon":""},{"text":"\u003Cdiv class=\"h6\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/The_New_Grand_Tour\" title=\"The New Grand Tour\"\u003EThe New Grand Tour\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBy \u003Ca href=\"/Jan_Ritch-Frel\" title=\"Jan Ritch-Frel\"\u003EJan Ritch-Frel\u003C/a\u003E\u003Cbr /\u003EArea: \u003Ca class=\"mw-selflink selflink\"\u003EHuman Bridges\u003C/a\u003E\u003Cbr /\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"my-2\"\u003ESix million years of human evidence offers a powerful and universal education to address humanity\u2019s biggest challenges and opportunities.\u003C/div\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/The_New_Grand_Tour\" title=\"The New Grand Tour\"\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\"Monte Alban West Side Platform.jpg\" src=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Monte_Alban_West_Side_Platform.jpg/320px-Monte_Alban_West_Side_Platform.jpg\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"320\" height=\"244\" class=\"img-fluid\" srcset=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Monte_Alban_West_Side_Platform.jpg/480px-Monte_Alban_West_Side_Platform.jpg 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Monte_Alban_West_Side_Platform.jpg/640px-Monte_Alban_West_Side_Platform.jpg 2x\" data-file-width=\"4160\" data-file-height=\"3168\" /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C!--MW-PAGEIMAGES-CANDIDATE-10--\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ci\u003E\u003C/i\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E","title":"The New Grand Tour","link":"","lat":16.54191,"lon":120.999306,"icon":""},{"text":"\u003Cdiv class=\"h6\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/The_New_Grand_Tour\" title=\"The New Grand Tour\"\u003EThe New Grand Tour\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBy \u003Ca href=\"/Jan_Ritch-Frel\" title=\"Jan Ritch-Frel\"\u003EJan Ritch-Frel\u003C/a\u003E\u003Cbr /\u003EArea: \u003Ca class=\"mw-selflink selflink\"\u003EHuman Bridges\u003C/a\u003E\u003Cbr /\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"my-2\"\u003ESix million years of human evidence offers a powerful and universal education to address humanity\u2019s biggest challenges and opportunities.\u003C/div\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/The_New_Grand_Tour\" title=\"The New Grand Tour\"\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\"Monte Alban West Side Platform.jpg\" src=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Monte_Alban_West_Side_Platform.jpg/320px-Monte_Alban_West_Side_Platform.jpg\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"320\" height=\"244\" class=\"img-fluid\" srcset=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Monte_Alban_West_Side_Platform.jpg/480px-Monte_Alban_West_Side_Platform.jpg 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Monte_Alban_West_Side_Platform.jpg/640px-Monte_Alban_West_Side_Platform.jpg 2x\" data-file-width=\"4160\" data-file-height=\"3168\" /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C!--MW-PAGEIMAGES-CANDIDATE-11--\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ci\u003E\u003C/i\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E","title":"The New Grand Tour","link":"","lat":52.860086472708,"lon":103.55200096026,"icon":""},{"text":"\u003Cdiv class=\"h6\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/The_New_Grand_Tour\" title=\"The New Grand Tour\"\u003EThe New Grand Tour\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBy \u003Ca href=\"/Jan_Ritch-Frel\" title=\"Jan Ritch-Frel\"\u003EJan Ritch-Frel\u003C/a\u003E\u003Cbr /\u003EArea: \u003Ca class=\"mw-selflink selflink\"\u003EHuman Bridges\u003C/a\u003E\u003Cbr /\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"my-2\"\u003ESix million years of human evidence offers a powerful and universal education to address humanity\u2019s biggest challenges and opportunities.\u003C/div\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/The_New_Grand_Tour\" title=\"The New Grand Tour\"\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\"Monte Alban West Side Platform.jpg\" src=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Monte_Alban_West_Side_Platform.jpg/320px-Monte_Alban_West_Side_Platform.jpg\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"320\" height=\"244\" class=\"img-fluid\" srcset=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Monte_Alban_West_Side_Platform.jpg/480px-Monte_Alban_West_Side_Platform.jpg 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Monte_Alban_West_Side_Platform.jpg/640px-Monte_Alban_West_Side_Platform.jpg 2x\" data-file-width=\"4160\" data-file-height=\"3168\" /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C!--MW-PAGEIMAGES-CANDIDATE-12--\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ci\u003E\u003C/i\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E","title":"The New Grand Tour","link":"","lat":48.874805555556,"lon":16.625766666667,"icon":""},{"text":"\u003Cdiv class=\"h6\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/The_New_Grand_Tour\" title=\"The New Grand Tour\"\u003EThe New Grand Tour\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBy \u003Ca href=\"/Jan_Ritch-Frel\" title=\"Jan Ritch-Frel\"\u003EJan Ritch-Frel\u003C/a\u003E\u003Cbr /\u003EArea: \u003Ca class=\"mw-selflink selflink\"\u003EHuman Bridges\u003C/a\u003E\u003Cbr /\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"my-2\"\u003ESix million years of human evidence offers a powerful and universal education to address humanity\u2019s biggest challenges and opportunities.\u003C/div\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/The_New_Grand_Tour\" title=\"The New Grand Tour\"\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\"Monte Alban West Side Platform.jpg\" src=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Monte_Alban_West_Side_Platform.jpg/320px-Monte_Alban_West_Side_Platform.jpg\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"320\" height=\"244\" class=\"img-fluid\" srcset=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Monte_Alban_West_Side_Platform.jpg/480px-Monte_Alban_West_Side_Platform.jpg 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Monte_Alban_West_Side_Platform.jpg/640px-Monte_Alban_West_Side_Platform.jpg 2x\" data-file-width=\"4160\" data-file-height=\"3168\" /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C!--MW-PAGEIMAGES-CANDIDATE-13--\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ci\u003E\u003C/i\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E","title":"The New Grand Tour","link":"","lat":-2.7605662548255,"lon":111.94481022291,"icon":""},{"text":"\u003Cdiv class=\"h6\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/The_New_Grand_Tour\" title=\"The New Grand Tour\"\u003EThe New Grand Tour\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBy \u003Ca href=\"/Jan_Ritch-Frel\" title=\"Jan Ritch-Frel\"\u003EJan Ritch-Frel\u003C/a\u003E\u003Cbr /\u003EArea: \u003Ca class=\"mw-selflink selflink\"\u003EHuman Bridges\u003C/a\u003E\u003Cbr /\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"my-2\"\u003ESix million years of human evidence offers a powerful and universal education to address humanity\u2019s biggest challenges and opportunities.\u003C/div\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/The_New_Grand_Tour\" title=\"The New Grand Tour\"\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\"Monte Alban West Side Platform.jpg\" src=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Monte_Alban_West_Side_Platform.jpg/320px-Monte_Alban_West_Side_Platform.jpg\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"320\" height=\"244\" class=\"img-fluid\" srcset=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Monte_Alban_West_Side_Platform.jpg/480px-Monte_Alban_West_Side_Platform.jpg 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Monte_Alban_West_Side_Platform.jpg/640px-Monte_Alban_West_Side_Platform.jpg 2x\" data-file-width=\"4160\" data-file-height=\"3168\" /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C!--MW-PAGEIMAGES-CANDIDATE-14--\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ci\u003E\u003C/i\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E","title":"The New Grand Tour","link":"","lat":23.01768517976,"lon":76.966635182459,"icon":""},{"text":"\u003Cdiv class=\"h6\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/The_New_Grand_Tour\" title=\"The New Grand Tour\"\u003EThe New Grand Tour\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBy \u003Ca href=\"/Jan_Ritch-Frel\" title=\"Jan Ritch-Frel\"\u003EJan Ritch-Frel\u003C/a\u003E\u003Cbr /\u003EArea: \u003Ca class=\"mw-selflink selflink\"\u003EHuman Bridges\u003C/a\u003E\u003Cbr /\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"my-2\"\u003ESix million years of human evidence offers a powerful and universal education to address humanity\u2019s biggest challenges and opportunities.\u003C/div\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/The_New_Grand_Tour\" title=\"The New Grand Tour\"\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\"Monte Alban West Side Platform.jpg\" src=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Monte_Alban_West_Side_Platform.jpg/320px-Monte_Alban_West_Side_Platform.jpg\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"320\" height=\"244\" class=\"img-fluid\" srcset=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Monte_Alban_West_Side_Platform.jpg/480px-Monte_Alban_West_Side_Platform.jpg 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Monte_Alban_West_Side_Platform.jpg/640px-Monte_Alban_West_Side_Platform.jpg 2x\" data-file-width=\"4160\" data-file-height=\"3168\" /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C!--MW-PAGEIMAGES-CANDIDATE-15--\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ci\u003E\u003C/i\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E","title":"The New Grand Tour","link":"","lat":42.339697239593,"lon":-3.6972581622634,"icon":""},{"text":"\u003Cdiv class=\"h6\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/The_New_Grand_Tour\" title=\"The New Grand Tour\"\u003EThe New Grand Tour\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBy \u003Ca href=\"/Jan_Ritch-Frel\" title=\"Jan Ritch-Frel\"\u003EJan Ritch-Frel\u003C/a\u003E\u003Cbr /\u003EArea: \u003Ca class=\"mw-selflink selflink\"\u003EHuman Bridges\u003C/a\u003E\u003Cbr /\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"my-2\"\u003ESix million years of human evidence offers a powerful and universal education to address humanity\u2019s biggest challenges and opportunities.\u003C/div\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/The_New_Grand_Tour\" title=\"The New Grand Tour\"\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\"Monte Alban West Side Platform.jpg\" src=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Monte_Alban_West_Side_Platform.jpg/320px-Monte_Alban_West_Side_Platform.jpg\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"320\" height=\"244\" class=\"img-fluid\" srcset=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Monte_Alban_West_Side_Platform.jpg/480px-Monte_Alban_West_Side_Platform.jpg 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Monte_Alban_West_Side_Platform.jpg/640px-Monte_Alban_West_Side_Platform.jpg 2x\" data-file-width=\"4160\" data-file-height=\"3168\" /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C!--MW-PAGEIMAGES-CANDIDATE-16--\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ci\u003E\u003C/i\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E","title":"The New Grand Tour","link":"","lat":37.167856445815,"lon":38.795923990218,"icon":""}],"imageLayers":[]}

Map Search: Human Bridges Area

Guide to Human Bridges

With new anthropological, biological and scientific findings, we are increasingly able to trace the outlines and fill in the blanks of our human evolutionary story. This can help us better understand the social and cultural processes that produced the world we live in now. This guide to Human Bridges explores the work of experts from the fields of human biology, human origins, and anthropology who want to contribute their individual expertise to a wider accessible body of information, and enlist in the cause to make this material a staple of education at all stages of life.

START

Guide to the Hidden History of Debt

Our financial system originated in Mesopotamia, where it was designed to ensure economic stability for a community. Over time it has transformed into something much more predatory.

START

More About the Observatory

Richard E. Blanton

Richard E. Blanton is professor emeritus of anthropology at Purdue University.

Adam S. Green

Adam S. Green is a lecturer in sustainability at the University of York.

Stephen A. Kowalewski

Stephen A. Kowalewski is professor emeritus of anthropology at the University of Georgia.

Deborah Barsky

Deborah Barsky is a writing fellow for the Human Bridges project of the Independent Media Institute, a researcher at the Catalan Institute of Human Paleoecology and Social Evolution, and an associate professor at the Rovira i Virgili University in Tarragona, Spain, with the Open University of Catalonia (UOC). She is the author of Human Prehistory: Exploring the Past to Understand the Future.

Jan Ritch-Frel

Jan Ritch-Frel is a co-founder of the Observatory and a co-editor of Human Bridges.

April M. Short

April M. Short is a co-founder of the Observatory, where she is the Local Peace Economy editor. She is also a writing fellow at the Independent Media Institute.

Colin Greer

Colin Greer is the president of the New World Foundation. He is the author of three books of poetry, including most recently Defeat/No Surrender.

David Graeber

David Graeber was an anthropologist, activist, and bestselling author.

Yann Perreau

Yann Perreau is a writer, educator, contemporary art curator, and writing fellow for the Human Bridges project of the Independent Media Institute. He has published several books on art, climate, anonymity, and more. His articles have appeared in many publications, including Libération, Art Press, and East of Borneo. He has served as a cultural attaché for both the French Embassy in London and the French Consulate in Los Angeles. He holds an MPhil in art history from Paris’s EHESS.

Nika Dubrovsky

Nika Dubrovsky is an artist, writer, and founder of the David Graeber Institute and the Museum of Care.

Eric Laursen

Eric Laursen is an independent journalist, historian, and activist. He is the author of The People’s Pension, The Duty to Stand Aside, The Operating System, and Polymath.

Lane F. Fargher-Navarro

Lane F. Fargher-Navarro is the director of research at the Past Foundation, Ohio State University.

David M. Carballo

David M. Carballo is a professor of archaeology, anthropology, and Latin American studies at Boston University.

Gary M. Feinman

Gary M. Feinman is a MacArthur curator of Mesoamerican, Central American, and East Asian anthropology at the Negaunee Integrative Research Center in Chicago, Illinois.

Irina Matuzava

Irina Matuzava is a contributor to the Human Bridges project.

Hal Whitehead

Hal Whitehead is a professor at Dalhousie University in Canada.

Linda M. Nicholas

Linda M. Nicholas is an adjunct curator of anthropology at the Negaunee Integrative Research Center at the Field Museum of Natural History in Chicago, Illinois.

Nancy L. Segal, PhD

Dr. Nancy L. Segal is a professor of psychology at California State University, Fullerton, and the founder and director of the Twin Studies Center.

Damon Orion

Damon Orion is a writer, journalist, musician, artist, and teacher in Santa Cruz, California. His work has appeared in Revolver, Guitar World, Spirituality + Health, Classic Rock, and other publications. Read more of his work at DamonOrion.com.

Alexander Zaitchik

Alexander Zaitchik is a writing fellow for the Economy for All project at the Independent Media Institute and a freelance journalist based in New Orleans. He is the author of several books, including Owning the Sun: A People’s History of Monopoly Medicine from Aspirin to COVID-19.

Michael Hudson

Michael Hudson has devoted his career to the study of debt.

Marjorie Hecht

Marjorie Hecht is a longtime magazine editor and writer with a specialty in science topics. She is a freelance writer and community activist living on Cape Cod.