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Guide to Alternatives to Industrial Agriculture

Reynard Loki, Earth Food Life Project

Food production shapes the health of ecosystems, communities, animals, and the climate. Yet many modern agricultural systems rely on practices that contribute to soil degradation, biodiversity loss, water pollution, greenhouse gas emissions, and animal suffering. As concerns about the environmental and social costs of industrial agriculture continue to grow, farmers, researchers, Indigenous communities, and advocates are developing and refining alternative approaches. This guide explores a range of alternatives to industrial agriculture, including organic farming, small-scale farming, regenerative agriculture, carbon farming, veganic farming, Indigenous land stewardship practices, and emerging innovations such as agrivoltaics. Together, these approaches offer different pathways toward producing food while protecting ecosystems, improving soil health, supporting biodiversity, reducing environmental impacts, and building more resilient agricultural systems for future generations.

Guide to Birds

Reynard Loki, Earth Food Life Project

Birds are among the most diverse, intelligent, and ecologically important animals on Earth. They pollinate plants, disperse seeds, regulate insect populations, and inspire human cultures through their songs, migrations, and extraordinary adaptations. Yet many bird species also face unprecedented pressures from habitat loss, climate change, invasive species, pollution, and other human activities. This guide explores the science of birds, their relationships with people and ecosystems, and the many ways we can better understand and protect them.

Guide to Climate and Environmental Action

Reynard Loki, Earth Food Life Project

In a democratic society, the power to address the climate crisis lies with the people. And it begins at home, our backyards, our neighborhoods and local communities.

When we think about effective climate action, there are many different factors and options to consider, from working within your local community to advance climate resiliency projects and urging the media to meet its climate commitments, to supporting the growth and popularity of climate fiction. Climate action can also be aided by reframing the climate crisis. Instead of seeing it only through a scientific lens but rather as a form of oppression by the wealthy elite or a matter of children’s rights, the climate crisis can be addressed on a systemic, sociopolitical level.

This guide explores various ways to approach climate action and activism, including concrete examples you can use in your own backyard and local community, plus success stories that can be emulated and reproduced wherever you are.

Guide to Conscious Consumption

Reynard Loki, Earth Food Life Project

Conscious consumption means recognizing that everyday purchasing decisions shape the well-being of nonhuman animals, ecosystems, and human communities. It includes choosing foods that minimize harm, supporting ethical and sustainable production, avoiding products linked to environmental destruction, and rejecting exploitative labor practices. From humane food labels and plant-based alternatives to shade-grown coffee, eco-friendly wine, and reduced reliance on fast fashion and fossil fuels, each choice carries impact. The Observatory’s Guide to Conscious Consumption brings together practical tools and deeper context to help you make informed decisions that support your health, reduce harm, and contribute to a more just and sustainable world.

Guide to Environmental Health

Reynard Loki, Earth Food Life Project

Environmental health explores how the natural and built environments influence human well-being. Factors such as air and water quality, climate change, toxic chemical exposures, food systems, and ecosystem health can all affect physical and mental health. Pollution, environmental degradation, and hazardous substances contribute to a wide range of health risks, while healthy ecosystems help provide clean water, nutritious food, disease regulation, and other essential services. Understanding these connections can help societies develop policies and practices that protect both human health and the environments on which life depends.

Guide to Renewable Energy

Reynard Loki, Earth Food Life Project

This guide explores the promise and perils of renewable energy. Can renewable energy achieve the emissions cuts we need to avoid the worst impacts of the climate crisis? Can we avoid an energy crisis if we abandon fossil fuels? What is the dark truth behind bioenergy? Is hydropower a real or false solution? Is the renewable energy transition succeeding or failing?

Guide to the Plastic Crisis

Reynard Loki, Earth Food Life Project

The guide will help readers understand the global plastic crisis from multiple angles, including the impact of plastic on human health, wildlife and the environment, the upstream forces in the lifecycle of plastics, the complex reality of recycling plastic, the unique threat posed by tiny plastic particles called nanoplastics, and how two similar cities have handled the plastic issue in different ways.
Laurie Parsons is a senior lecturer in human geography at Royal Holloway, University of London.
Mouna Hashem, PhD, is an international development consultant.
Jeremy Rifkin is and economic and social theorist, author, and political advisor.
Eugene Simonov is the international coordinator of the Rivers without Boundaries Coalition.
Tia Schwab is a former news fellow for Stone Pier Press, a San Francisco-based environmental publishing company with a food focus. She is a graduate of Stanford University, where she studied human biology with a concentration in food systems and public health. Tia was born and raised in Austin, Texas, and she is passionate about using storytelling to create a healthy, just, and sustainable food system.
Jonathan Sharp is the chief financial officer at Environmental Litigation Group, PC.
Doug Tallamy is the T. A. Baker Professor of Agriculture in the Department of Entomology and Wildlife Ecology at the University of Delaware and co-founder of Homegrown National Park.
Rachel Rose Jackson is the director of research and international policy at Corporate Accountability.
Esther Afolaranmi is an attorney, humanitarian, researcher, and writer. She is co-executive director of the Fair Start Movement.
Erica Cirino is a writer, artist, and author who explores the intersection of the human and more-than-human worlds.
Keith C. Heidorn was a meteorologist and climatologist.
Sophie A. H. Osborn is an award-winning environmental author and wildlife biologist whose work has focused on bird conservation across the Americas.
Zahara Nabakooza is an advocate for children’s rights and climate action.
Nnimmo Bassey is a Nigerian architect, environmental activist, author, and poet. He is the executive director of Health of Mother Earth Foundation.
Ava Kofman is a journalist. She is the 2023 recipient the Hillman Prize for Magazine Journalism.
For more than two decades, Darryl Knudsen has channeled the power of civil society movements to create enduring, positive change toward social and environmental justice for the underrepresented. Darryl holds a master’s degree from Columbia University and a BA from Dartmouth College. He served as the executive director of International Rivers.
Anne Petermann is the executive director of Global Justice Ecology Project.
Laura Lee Cascada is the founder of the Aquaculture Accountability Project.
Katrina Fischer Kuh is the Haub Distinguished Professor of Environmental Law at the Elisabeth Haub School of Law at Pace University.
Laurel Sutherlin is the senior communications strategist for Rainforest Action Network. He is a lifelong environmental and human rights campaigner as well as a naturalist and outdoor educator with a passion for birds and wild places. Follow him on Twitter @laurelsutherlin.
Damon Orion is a writer, journalist, musician, artist, and teacher in Santa Cruz, California. His work has appeared in Revolver, Guitar World, Spirituality + Health, Classic Rock, and other publications. Read more of his work at DamonOrion.com.
Reynard Loki is a co-founder of the Observatory, where he is the environment and animal rights editor.
Ward Warmerdam a senior financial researcher at Profundo.
Teresa Coady is an award-winning architect, sustainability expert, and Fellow of the Royal Architectural Institute of Canada.
Lauren Collee is a writer and researcher.
Monique Mikhail is the campaigns director of the agriculture and climate finance program at Friends of the Earth.
Tina Casey has been writing about sustainability, the global energy transition, and related matters since 2009. She is a regular contributor to CleanTechnica and TriplePundit, where she also focuses on corporate social responsibility and social issues.
Fabiana Maizza is an assistant professor in anthropology at the Federal University of São Paulo.
David Blanton is a writer, photographer, conservationist, and environmental activist. He is the founder of Friends of Serengeti.
Irikefe V. Dafe has advocated for river protections in Nigeria and throughout Africa for three decades. Much of his work has focused on protecting the River Ethiope and the rights of communities who rely upon the river for food, water and their livelihoods. He is a lead organizer of the First National Dialogue on Rights of Nature in Nigeria. He is also the founder and CEO of River Ethiope Trust Foundation and an expert member of the UN Harmony with Nature Initiative.
Kate Petty is an educator, writer, yoga teacher, and activist.
Claudio Campagna is a senior marine conservation consultant for the Wildlife Conservation Society.
Helena Norberg-Hodge is the founder and director of Local Futures. She is the author of ''Ancient Futures'' (Chelsea Green, 2016) and the producer and director of the award-winning 2011 documentary “The Economics of Happiness.” Norberg-Hodge is the recipient of the Right Livelihood Award, the Goi Peace Prize, and the Arthur Morgan Award.
Lydia Chodosh is a writer, designer, and fine artist based in Providence, Rhode Island.
Michael Engelhard is a writer and wilderness guide.
Sam Davis is a staff scientist at the Partnership for Policy Integrity (PFPI), a nonprofit that uses science, litigation, policy analysis, and strategic communications to promote policies that protect climate, ecosystems, and people.
Jimmy Videle is a farmer, naturalist, and researcher. He is the author of The Veganic Grower’s Handbook: Cultivating Fruits, Vegetables, and Herbs from Urban Backyard to Rural Farmyard and the co-founder of NAVCS-Certified Veganic. His writing has appeared in CounterPunch, Countercurrents, and LA Progressive, among others.
Ashley Berke is co-executive director at Fair Start Movement.
L. Michelle Moore is the CEO of Groundswell, a nonprofit that builds community power by connecting solar and energy efficiency.
Cate Mingoya-LaFortune is a climate adaptation planner, community organizer, educator, and author.
Jenipher Changwanda is a Malawian journalist specializing in gender reporting for the Center for Collaborative Investigative Journalism.
Gary Belan is the senior director of clean water supply at American Rivers.
Dr. David Hastings is a distinguished oceanographer and educator with extensive expertise in marine geochemistry, climate change indicators, and microplastics research.
Lucy Goodchild van Hilten is a writing fellow at }}, a project of the Independent Media Institute. She has served as assistant editor of Microbiology Today and senior marketing communications manager for Life Sciences at Elsevier. She holds an MSc degree in the History of Science, Medicine, and Technology from Imperial College London.
Emma Rae Lierley is a senior communications manager at Rainforest Action Network. A lifelong writer and environmentalist, she works to harness the power of storytelling for social change.
James R. May, Esq. is Distinguished Professor of Law and Founder of the Global Environmental Rights Institute at Widener University Delaware Law School.
Daniel Klem Jr. is the Sarkis Acopian Professor of Ornithology and Conservation Biology and director of the Acopian Center for Ornithology at Muhlenberg College.
Peter Christie is a science journalist and author who writes frequently about conservation.
Mwesigye Robert is the founder of the Rejoice Africa Foundation.
Ronnie Cummins was the cofounder and director of the Organic Consumers Association and a longtime advocate for organic agriculture and food-system reform.
Leslie Alan Horvitz is an author and journalist specializing in science. He serves as the science and tech editor at the Observatory.
David Fridley is a staff scientist at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and a fellow of the Post Carbon Institute.
Valeria Falabella is a director at the Wildlife Conservation Society.
Katherine Dolan is a writer, editor, and researcher at the Independent Media Institute from Dunedin, New Zealand. She has held previous posts as a senior writer for Fairfax Media Custom Publishing in New Zealand and Lifestyle Magazine in Moscow, and as a copy editor for the U.S. news site NSFW Corp.
Bridget A. Lyons is a surfer, writer, editor, teacher, and creative consultant.
Mary Mazzoni is the senior editor of TriplePundit and director of TriplePundit’s Brand Studio.
Jairus James is an environmental and animal rights advocate.
Chris Smaje has co-worked on a small farm in Somerset, southwest England, since 2007. Smaje is the author of ''A Small Farm Future'', writes a blog at about farming, ecology, and politics, and is a featured author at resilience.org.
Mohammad Golam Sarwar is a doctoral researcher at SOAS University of London.
Danna Smith is the founder and executive director of Dogwood Alliance.
Fitri Arianti is a senior forest campaigner at Rainforest Action Network.
Melissa Kravitz Hoeffner is a writing fellow at Earth | Food | Life, a project of the Independent Media Institute. Her work has appeared in the New York Times, AlterNet, Architectural Digest, Travel & Leisure, Condé Nast Traveler, and other publications.
Suren Moodliar is the editor of the journal Socialism and Democracy and coordinator of encuentro5, a movement-building space in downtown Boston. He is the coauthor of ''Dying for Capitalism: How Big Money Fuels Extinction and What We Can Do About It'' (Routledge, 2023).
Robin Scher is a freelance writer and journalist based in South Africa.
Freddie Clayton is an investigative journalist with the Center for Collaborative Investigative Journalism, focusing on environmental themes, specifically water and sanitation issues worldwide.
Lorraine Chow is the stewardship and outreach coordinator at the Santa Fe Watershed Association.
Julieta Campagna monitors coastal protected areas for the Wildlife Conservation Society.
Caroline Cox is a pesticide scientist whose work has focused on the health and environmental impacts of pesticides.
Isias Hernandez aims to improve environmental literacy through content creation, storytelling, and public engagement.
Ann Leslie Davis is an award-winning freelance journalist.
Cameron Edwards runs <u>Still Water Microsanctuary</u>, a small-scale rescue for birds and tropical fishes.
John J. Berger is an environmental science and policy specialist, prize-winning author, and journalist.
Tara Lohan is a professional environmental journalist and editor.
Orin Langelle is the director of Langelle Photography and co-founder of the Global Justice Ecology Project.
Carter Dillard is the policy adviser for the Fair Start Movement.
Jim Cubie, JD, is a consultant to the Muhlenberg College Center for Ornithology where he advises on bird safety and native plants.
André Leu is the international director of Regeneration International and a leading advocate for regenerative agriculture worldwide.
Chelsea Henderson is a journalist, author, and climate policy expert.
Josh Klemm is co-director of International Rivers.
Martha Mundy is a professor emerita of anthropology at the London School of Economics.
Derek Gow is a farmer, nature conservationist, and author.
Alessandra Korap Munduruku is a Munduruku Indigenous woman leader from Indigenous Reserve Praia do Índio in the Brazilian Amazon. She is a member of Pariri, a local Munduruku association, as well as the Munduruku Wakoborûn Women’s Association. In 2020, Alessandra won the Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights Award for her work defending the culture, livelihoods and rights of Indigenous peoples in Brazil.
Sonja Smith is an award-winning journalist based in Namibia. She is a member of the Center for Collaborative Investigative Journalism and a correspondent for the Associated Press. Smith has worked for various Namibian media outlets, including Confidente, the Windhoek Observer, and the Namibian.
Jennifer Barckley is the vice president of communications at The Humane League.
Ruhi Bhasin is a senior journalist and features editor with the Independent Media Institute.
Elizabeth Henderson is an organic farmer. She is the co-chair of the Interstate Council policy committee of the Northeast Organic Farming Association and represents the Interstate Council on the Board of the Agricultural Justice Project.
Fabian Cardenas is an international law professor at Pontificia Universidad Javeriana in Bogotá, Colombia.
Dan Ross is a journalist whose work has appeared in Truthout, the Guardian, FairWarning, Newsweek, YES! Magazine, Salon, AlterNet, Vice, and a number of other publications.
Dr. Raphael Calel is a Ciriacy-Wantrup Postdoctoral Fellow at UC Berkeley, and a visiting fellow at the London School of Economics.
Ryan Mitchell shares his experience of the off-grid lifestyle.
Adam Alexander is an award-winning film and television producer, and the author of ''The Seed Detective''.
Steve Taylor is a freelance journalist and the host of the podcast Breaking Green produced by Global Justice Ecology Project.
Dana Zartner is a professor in the International Studies Department and adjunct professor at the School of Law at the University of San Francisco.