Understanding Zoonotic Diseases: How Humans Get Sick From Nonhuman Animals
Human health and animal health are closely connected, with many diseases affecting both humans and animals. As our world becomes more developed and interconnected, the space between wild animals and humans is shrinking, which increases the risk of disease transmission. Additionally, humans are relying more on animals as a food source. This combination of factors has led to the emergence of new diseases, with about 75 percent of newly discovered human diseases originating in animals in the last three decades, according to the World Health Organization.
These diseases, called zoonotic diseases, can spread in various ways. Direct contact with infected animals, handling contaminated habitats or living quarters, vector-borne transmission through insects, and consuming contaminated food or water are common ways zoonoses spread. Factors like intensive animal farming, wildlife trade, animal captivity, deforestation, climate change, and contaminated food and water contribute to the spread of zoonotic diseases.
Zoonotic diseases can be caused by bacteria, viruses, parasites, fungi, and other pathogens. Examples include avian influenza, salmonellosis, rabies, malaria, Lyme disease, and COVID-19. Certain groups, such as young children, the elderly, immunocompromised individuals, and pregnant women, are at higher risk of severe illness from zoonoses.
Preventing zoonotic diseases requires individual and collective actions. Practicing good hygiene, avoiding insect bites, educating oneself about diseases affecting companion animals, and being cautious around animal exhibits are essential steps individuals can take. However, addressing the root cause of zoonoses globally requires shifting away from intensive animal agriculture and promoting more sustainable farming practices. This includes holding corporations and governments accountable, reducing reliance on animal products, and raising awareness about the benefits of plant-based diets for health and the environment.
🔭 This summary was human-edited with AI-assist.
