Add Context
Quoted text:
Heraclitus: ‘War Is the Father of All’
Can you add in this section’s body text the quotation mentioned in the section header (‘War Is the Father of All’), its context, and an explanation of how it fits into this section?
Citation Needed
Quoted text:
Attackers and defenders both promised populations a debt-free peace.
Can you provide a source we can cite that would strengthen this statement?
Citation Needed
Quoted text:
Debt cancellations were a frequent result of major military campaigns, beginning in Sumer and Babylonia, whose rulers canceled the debts of the peasantry so as to give them their own lands to fight for.
Can you provide a source we can cite that would strengthen this statement?
And more specificity about the rulers would be welcome too.
Citation Needed
Quoted text:
built to resemble the sky, being a curved celestial model
Help us add a citation for this fact, ideally including source link(s) if possible.
Add Context
Quoted text:
Mars conquered
Zeus, and the age of iron superseded that of gold.
Can you help us expand on the relationship between the metals and the gods and this conquering more generally mythologically?
Stub
More sections and information are needed to fulfill Chapter 12’s promise. As stated in
this query on the
General Queries page for this chapter, could you help us expand this chapter to include more information generally, including more of what is teased in its
Key Concepts section?
Key Concept Missing in Chapter Body
Quoted text:
These topics are not discussed in the body of this chapter. Can you help us add them there?
Key Concept Missing in Chapter Body
Quoted text:
The horse, formerly a solar-calendrical symbol by virtue of its 36 ribs, reappears as the weapon of the aristocratic cavalry class.
This topic is not discussed in the body of this chapter. Can you help us add it there?
Chapter 2 may have some hints on this particular topic.
Key Concept Missing in Chapter Body
Quoted text:
military music, e.g., the rhythmic
paean of marching soldiers
Can you add a mention of “paean” and military music to the Chapter 12 body (that is teased here in the Key Concepts section)?
Note: This may relate to two omitted notes sections that had too much of a stub nature to include in the body of Chapter 12 (they are included in
the Chapter 12 General Queries page in the following two queries):
Author’s Note 2: Military Music (Athenaeus)
Athenaeus[1] reported (XIV.626–628, citing Herodotus[2] I.17) that music was used to provide rhythmic order for military maneuvers. The Spartans “march to battle with the music of flutes, the Cretans with the lyre, the Lydians with Pan’s pipes and flutes.” He added that “In ancient times music was an incitement to bravery.” There were war-dances with helmet, shield and spear, or sword (see Plato,[3] Laws, p. 815A), and a verse attributed to Socrates read “Whoso honor the gods best with dances are the best in war.”
Author’s Note 7: Military Music Continued (Snodgrass 1980)
[Anthony Snodgrass, Archaic Greece: The Age of Experiment (London: 1980), p. 106, regarding music and war:]
A Corinthian vase c. 675 BC shows a piper, “an indispensable participant in the later Spartan phalanx where his music kept the men in step, and therefore perhaps a sign of incipient phalanx tactics,”[4] as well as morale-boosting effects.
- ↑ Athenaeus, The Deipnosophists: Or Banquet of the Learned of Athenaeus, C.D. Yonge (tr.), Vol. 3 (London: 1854), via Andrew Smith’s Attalus, Book 14, lines 626–628.
- ↑ Herodotus, The Histories, A.D. Godley (tr.) (Cambridge, Massachusetts: 1920), via Tufts University’s Perseus Digital Library Project, Book 1, Chapter 17.
- ↑ Plato, Laws. From Plato in Twelve Volumes, R.G. Bury (tr.), Vols. 10 and 11 (Cambridge, Massachusetts: 1967 and 1968), via Tufts University’s Perseus Digital Library Project, p. 815a.
- ↑ Anthony Snodgrass, Archaic Greece: The Age of Experiment (London: 1980), p. 106.
Key Concept Missing in Chapter Body
Quoted text:
See also the economic classification of the population according to military ratings, and the allotments of land to returning war veterans in classical times.
These topics are not discussed in the body of this chapter. Can you help us add them there?
Key Concept Missing in Chapter Body
Quoted text:
The division of society into classes based on military ranking.
This topic is not discussed in the body of this chapter. Can you help us add it there?
Translation Check
Quoted text:
damos
Can someone with knowledge of ancient Greek check the spelling? It seems likely to have been meant to be
demos, but we deferred to the author.
Verify Citation
Quoted text:
The spelling of the author’s first name seems correct here (in
Chapter 9’s Bibliography,
Chapter 12’s Bibliography and footnotes, and the book’s
Bibliography chapter for sections for
Chapter 9 and
Chapter 12) based on the
source link here, but let us know if the source link is incorrect. See also
a related query about Chapter 6 for Jean Puhvel rather than Jaan Puhvel here, the
same query in Chapter 11 here, and
another query in Chapter 9 here.
