The Creation of Order

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Archaic Organization of Time, Measurement and Laws, Music, Tribes, and Cities

Editor’s Note
Michael Hudson started researching and drafting The Creation of Order as a book manuscript in the early 1980s, and his research efforts to understand the systems and structures of archaic societies have continued into the present. Realizing the scale of research necessary to complete the ambitions of the book, Hudson shared the text with the Observatory, in the hopes that future editors would help sift through texts from the past and update and fill in the missing pieces.

We are proud that Hudson’s The Creation of Order is the first Mainframe research project published on the Observatory using our Collaborative Research publishing tool. Invited researchers develop Mainframes, contribute research, engage in peer review, and publish their deliberations in an open-ended and transparent format accessible to interested audiences, all while deciding which information to make public.

We invite you to explore and contribute to this ongoing Collaborative Research and editing project by navigating the table of contents of this book’s chapters’ query pages and have shared this book’s style guide for researchers.

—Jenny Pierson and Jan Ritch-Frel, Observatory Co-Founders
This book was produced by Human Bridges.
The Creation of Order” by Michael Hudson is licensed by the Observatory under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0). For permissions requests beyond the scope of this license, please see Observatory.wiki’s Reuse and Reprint Rights guidance.Published: December 1, 2025 Last edited: April 30, 2026
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Michael Hudson has devoted his career to the study of debt.
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Table of Contents