Originally in Chapter 1, this was cited as “G.R. Driver, Semitic Writing, From Pictograph to Alphabet (3rd ed., London: 1976).” The year and title punctuation were different from what we found, and there was no link. Can you help us verify the citation?
Originally in Chapter 4, this was written as “Driver 1976: 179”: the full citation was missing, and both the year and page numbers were different from what we found: G.R. Driver, Semitic Writing From Pictograph to Alphabet (Oxford: 1948), p. 157–158.
Can you help us to confirm the relevant part discussed here is on pages 157–158 of the text that we cite? It may be a different edition, or possibly the wrong text.
From our research, the author of this text, G.R. Driver, died in 1975, meaning that the original “1976” may have been either a posthumous edition we could not find that may have different page numbers or a typo. What do you think?
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Hans J. Nissen, Mesopotamia Before 5000 Years (Rome: 1988b).
Can you help us verify the year in this citation? It might be 1987 rather than a second 1988 date in Chapter 3’s Bibliography and Chapter 4’s Bibliography per a web search, but we’re not sure.
Originally in this Chapter 3 footnote, this was written as “(Snodgrass 1990:–)”; we assumed the source meant was the text that we wrote in here that was cited in Chapter 11’s Bibliography, but a page number/page numbers was/were still missing. Can you help us confirm that this is the correct Snodgrass text cited here, and also let us know what page number(s) is/are missing for this particular footnote’s context?
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Originally in Chapter 4, this was written as “Driver 1976: 179”: the full citation was missing, and both the year and page numbers were different from what we found: G.R. Driver, Semitic Writing From Pictograph to Alphabet (Oxford: 1948), p. 157–158.
Can you help us to confirm the relevant part discussed here is on pages 157–158 of the text that we cite? It may be a different edition, or possibly the wrong text.
From our research, the author of this text, G.R. Driver, died in 1975, meaning that the original “1976” may have been either a posthumous edition we could not find that may have different page numbers or a typo. What do you think?
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the Akkadian sign for water, mem, occupying the first position in the cuneiform syllabary described by Zimmern[2] (1896; see also Driver[3] 1948: pp. 157–158), subsequently evolved into the Canaanite (and hence Greek and modern) letter m, originally μῦ, recalling the wavy zigzag line traditionally used to denote water.
We guessed at the full citation for “Zimmern (1896)”:
We guessed that this was the 1896 publication that Hudson intended to cite: H. Zimmern, “Zur Frage nach dem Ursprung des Alphabets,” Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft, Vol. 50 (1896), pp. 667–670.
Can a German-speaker please confirm this is the right citation for this point or correct it if not?
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Chapter 5 of Book 8 Aristotle emphasized that the sort of music that is only “for our amusement and refreshment, like taking a nap or having a drink,” is not of serious importance, although it may be “pleasant and help us forget our worries, as Euripides says” (Bacchae[4] 381).
Can someone help identify the Euripides quotation with an original source better than ours? We found and cited this one from here but there may be something better/more definitive; the quotations are pretty different.
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discussed his Chart 23: “The gap which remains between a♭ and g♯ at the bottom of the circle is now narrowed to a diaschisma worth about 20 cents or 3/10 x 20 = 6 degrees, wondrously close to the 5 1/4-day shortage between the ancient calendar base of 360 days and the true solar year… The ratio results from the reciprocal meanings of 45:32…”
The material of the work of the title The Myth of Invariance by Ernest G. McClain appears to have been removed from the Internet Archive sometime between 2025 and 2026. Please help us find a different publicly accessible source link to the cited work, if one is available.
If you determine it is not in the public domain nor available under Creative Commons 4.0, please let us know.
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Please note that another title by the same author still has a functioning link and needs no correction: Ernest G. McClain, The Pythagorean Plato: Prelude to the Song Itself (Maine: 1978). Citations to The Pythagorean Plato (in-text, footnotes, and in the Bibliography) still function.
Jean Puhvel, “Hittite Athletics as Prefigurations of Ancient Greek Games,” in Wendy J. Raschke (ed.), The Archaeology of the Olympics (Madison, Wisconsin: 1988), pp. 26–31.
If you have additional texts that should be considered for Chapter 7’s Bibliography (now or after revisions expanding this stub chapter), please suggest them.
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Pavel Oliva, Sparta and Her Social Problems (1971), pp. 88f. The gerousia consisted of 28 members (gerontes), elected by the citizens’ assembly (apella). This is a lunar number, and Thucydides (I.67) said that the gerousia met each lunar month at the full moon. Perhaps there was a daily rotation of the leaders during this period. The council amounted to 30 with the two kings.
W.R. Lethaby, Architecture, Nature and Magic (London: 1956).
Can you verify this title (Architecture, Nature and Magic) and details? We could not find evidence of this anywhere online. It may be that it was the old title for the work a line above it (Architecture, Mysticism and Myth)? See at this source: “W.R. Lethaby’s Architecture, Nature, and Magic. The book was originally published in 1892 under the name Architecture, Mysticism, and Myth.”
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There’s a missing 1953 item by this author cited in Chapter 10 that we need help identifying and adding to the Chapter 10 Bibliography and book Bibliography chapter (either in addition to or instead of the 1963 citation; let us know which you think is the case). We thought perhaps 1953 in the Chapter 10 body could have been a typo for 1963, but the page numbers don’t align (page 874 is cited, but the page range in 1953 is 536–541), so it may indeed be a different text.
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Query 3: Quotation: “kittum” represented “that which is firm, established, true”
Query 4: Quotation: “The two terms are mutually complementary. … An immutable aspect of cosmic order, kittum is semantically the same as Biblical ‘emet (from *’amint), the original force of which still survives in the common loanword ‘Amen.’ The independent function of a ruler, whether divine or human, is confined to misharum, that is, just and equitable implementation.”
Fritz R. Kraus, Sumerer und Akkader: Ein Problem der Altmesopotamischen Geschichte (Amsterdam: 1970) [Omitted text: (p. 30: as the Akkadians use andurārum, it is “opaque.”)]
Can you help us understand what the omitted text note meant, and make any changes to the Bibliography or Chapter 11 if necessary? The omitted text was:
(p. 30: as the Akkadians use andurārum, it is “opaque.”)
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“W.G. Lambert” had twocitations in the Chapter 11 body, but there was no explicit allusion to Maurice Lambert. Can you help us identify at least two missing text citations in the Bibliography for W.G. Lambert?
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Originally all that was written here was “Maurice Lambert, Enmetena’s”; is our guess that’s currently in the Bibliography the right one for what was missing?
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N.P. Lemche, “Andurārum and Misharum: Comments on the Problem of Social Edicts and Their Application in the Ancient Near East,” Journal of Near Eastern Studies, Vol. 38 (1979), pp. 11–22.
Can you help us verify that this was in JNES Vol. 38 (1979)? It wasn’t in this link to that issue.
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This text is cited in a part of the Epilogue chapter omitted and moved into the General Queries page in this query. We can remove it if you don’t think it was used in the chapter as is for now, or if the other general query was resolved in a way that should result in this being removed from the Bibliography.
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Which of the two Lewy texts was meant? One of these two may be removed from the footnote and Epilogue chapter Bibliography and book Bibliography chapter depending on what happens in the body text with the “TABLET” and “Lewy 19__” (see this query).
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